Introduction: Since their inception in the 1960s-70s, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have gained interest due to their trans-differentiation potential, anti-inflammatory effects, and immune-modulating properties. Moreover, both cell-based and cell-free MSC treatments demonstrate healing capacity in injured tissue. Cell-based treatment consists of MSCs and all secreted products whereas cell-free treatments include only the secreted products. Owing to their efficacy, MSCs have been therapeutically administered to numerous damaged organs. Specifically, the eye is a unique location to study the effects of MSCs as treatment is easily applied and measured due to its external location. Moreover, the eye holds an immune-privileged status wherein inflammation and immune responses are innately down-regulated. Thus, within the eye, corneal and retinal pathology have been treated with MSCs with varying success. As excessive inflammation in the cornea often leads to fibrosis and irreversible corneal hazing, many studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating capacities of MSCs. These effects are achieved through secreted products such as cytokines and growth factors. Additionally, MSCs secrete a specific extracellular matrix that inhibits the infiltration of inflammatory cells following injury and promotes a healing phenotype via M2 macrophage polarization. During the wound healing process, MSCs have also demonstrated trans-differentiation potential into corneal-specific host tissue such as corneal epithelial, stromal, or endothelial cells. Some studies have even suggested that stromal fibrosis caused by previous injury may be reversed by later, non-immediate MSC treatment. This review discusses recent investigations of MSC treatment in the cornea, focusing on therapeutic efficacy, mechanisms, and future directions. Methods: The literature pertaining to MSCs and the cornea were systematically reviewed. Results: This paper was a review of the current literature, as such no results are presented. Conclusions: Undoubtedly, MSC treatment in the cornea has proven to be efficacious due to trans-differentiation potential and secretion of trophic factors. Specifically, MSCs seem to have greater transdifferentiation potential into corneal stromal cells as opposed to corneal epithelial or endothelial cells. More importantly, it seems that MSCs achieve their therapeutic effect after injury largely through secreted factors.